Cuba Architecture Guide – Colonial Influences

The term Cuban Colonial Architecture covers all thewith an overwhelmingly colonial sentiment, a sense
civil and military constructions built in Cuba from theboth environmental and familiar; the final touchstone
16th century to the end of the 19th century. Theof the traditions and spirits of the dominant class and
ancient cities in Cuba seduce the visitor with itsthe emerging rich Cubans. The monumental and
mystery and the way they have survived time andluxurious style of the civil and military buildings marked
natural disasters. The architecture from that perioda Cuban style which progressively became part of
of time is marked by the use of columns, arcades,mansions and public buildings which restored in a way
banisters, stained-glass windows, doors, andthe Spanish dominance on the island. As time passed,
everything that necessity, good taste, and theall these peculiarities became engrained in the minds
weather allowed constructing. The best exponents ofof the average Cubans, who tried to imitate those
this architecture were built in Havana, Trinidad,construction models.
Cienfuegos, Camaguey, and Santiago de Cuba.The fortifications built on the island are another living
Spanish and Cubans thought alike and dedicated aexample of the mixture of styles and the
great part of their wealth to demonstrate the senseappropriations made to adapt to the weather of
of domination, conquest, power, and opulence. TheCuba and the available construction materials. The
visitor can find this in Cuba from reminiscences ofgreatest part of the buildings was constructed of
Spanish Baroque to the lack of French Neoclassicrocks of masonry from a limy origin and, and the
moderation. The most convincing proof is found inbuildings were constructed without decorative
the monumental French tombs of the Colonintentions or excesses. The architects (the vast
Cemetery in Havana City and the ones in Cienfuegos,majority foreigners) did not do anything more than
in Reina Cemetery.building high fortresses with wide walls that would
However, despite the logical influences taken in Cuba,resist the artillery of the time. It is worth saying that
its architecture had to assume ideas and solutionsone important colonial contribution was to avoid
needed for the heat of the tropic, which later onmassive blueprints and conceive the castles with
became a style on its own and have transcended thepoints instead of corners in order to lessen the
boundaries of the Cuban Culture. Protection from theimpact of the cannons.
sun or the heavy rains were reasons enough forThe colonial architecture of Cuba survived the
changes, such as the arcade with architrave columns,Spanish defeat in 1902 and its rules were kept almost
high doors and windows, the banisters in theintact until the advent of the influences of the Art
balconies, the staircases and above all the greatNoveau, and Art Deco during the first decades of
amount of parks, fountains, squares, small squares,the 20th century. Nevertheless, with the arrival of
benches and avenues.the American Eclecticism during the 1950s, a great
The dominant presence of Catholicism alsoamount of the top-class buildings, above all in Havana
determined the course of Cuban constructions duringCity, disappeared in order to construct new buildings
the colonial times. Examples of that are the numerousfull of new airs.
churches, chapels, cemeteries, and seminaries built