| 1959: Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz became dictator.He | | | | colonization. |
| banned free speech and imprisoned his opponents. All | | | | 1966-1985:Some of the Soviet Union´s best |
| political parties were dissolved. Castro announced | | | | coaches came to Cuba and opened sports schools. |
| plans to "exterminate capitalism". | | | | These schools attracted students from all parts of |
| 1960-1978:More than 700,000 Cuban fled to the | | | | the country. |
| United States and Mexico. Many sailed secretly from | | | | 1967-1990: Havana and other Cuban cities. Ernesto |
| Cuba in boats, some of which were apprehended by | | | | Guevara´s image was displayed everywhere -in |
| the Cuban navy before reached abroad. | | | | every home, university, school and factory. |
| 1960-2007:Blacks suffered many forms of | | | | 1972-1990:Relations with the People´s Republic |
| discrimination. The poverty rate among blacks is | | | | of China deteriorated, with disagreements on foreign |
| almost two times that of general population. | | | | affairs and ideology. Different from Cuba and |
| 1960-1988:Ever Peñalver Mazorra spent 28 | | | | Czechoslovakia, China did not break diplomatic |
| years in prison for his opposition to the communist | | | | relations with Chile (1973-1990).Fidel Castro critized |
| dictatorship. He was leader of the nonviolent | | | | Mao Tse-tung and began a program to dishonor him. |
| movement for human rights and democracy in Cuba. | | | | He accused Mao of murdering innocent people and of |
| Peñalver was the world´s oldest and | | | | faulty leadership. |
| longest-standing black political prisoner of conscience. | | | | 1973: After the military coup against Salvador Allende |
| Like the South African leader Nelson Mandela, Ever | | | | (President of Chile), Fidel Castro called for Third |
| Peñalver Mazorra is a symbol of heroic and | | | | World countries to apply sanctions against Chile. |
| peaceful resistance in the face of oppression. | | | | 1976: Another Constitution was adopted in this year. |
| 1960-2007:Vilma EspÃn Guillois proclaimed herself | | | | 1977-1981:Cuban arms aid and advisers were sent to |
| president of the Federation of Cuban Women, one | | | | several Third World countries (Nicaragua, Zimbabwe, |
| of the most powerful organizations in the | | | | Suriname, Somalia and Grenada). |
| country.Born into the upper middle class, she studied | | | | 1978-1988:Cuba sent 5,000 troops to Ethiopia to |
| chemical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute | | | | assist dictator Mengistu Haile Mariam in opposing |
| of Technology (MIT).After of living in the United | | | | Eritrean rebels. Fidel Castro endorsed Ethiopian |
| States, she returned to Cuba when Fidel Castro | | | | statehood without mentioning Eritrea´s right to |
| came to power.She made pro-Castro campaign by all | | | | exist. |
| Cuban territory. Espin´s rule was characterized | | | | 1980:With the tacit approval of Fidel Castro´s |
| by ruthless and brutal totalitarism and women´s | | | | dictatorship, the United States absorbed more than |
| rights violations. Her best friends were madame Elena | | | | 100,000 Cuban refugees (best known as |
| Ceausescu (first lady of Romania) and Rosario Murillo | | | | "Marielitos").Castro also sent many criminals and |
| de Ortega (first lady of Nicaragua).She, who had | | | | mentally ill people. |
| French ancestry, died on June 18,2007, in Havana. | | | | 1985:Fidel Castro advocate peaceful co-existence |
| 1961:Like Bulgaria and Poland, Cuba was declared a | | | | with the terrorist states (Lybia, North Korea, Iran and |
| socialist state. | | | | Syria). |
| 1961:All American businesses were eventually | | | | 1983: Pan American Games.Four Cuban athletes were |
| expropriated. After expelling the Americans, Fidel | | | | disqualified from competition for using banned drugs |
| Castro used the money from their business to | | | | to increase their performance. They were Maria |
| reward friends who were loyal to him. | | | | Cristina Betancourt, Mayra Vila, Daniel Nuñez and |
| 1962:Cuban citizens need official permission to accept | | | | Alberto Blanco. |
| work, change jobs, move, or travel abroad. | | | | 1988: Fidel Castro called for a boycott of the Olympic |
| 1962:Fidel Castro created an aggressive regime of | | | | Games. However, 30 Eastern bloc nations to sent |
| agricultural reform. His political social experiment | | | | athletes to the Summer Olympics in Seoul, South |
| claimed the lives of countless Cubans. They worked | | | | Korea. |
| the sugar plantations like slaves. | | | | 1992:Jorge Esquivel defected to Italy and soon joined |
| 1963: The Cuban Revolution created a strong anti-U.S. | | | | the San Francisco Ballet. Esquivel was one of the |
| stance. | | | | world´s leading ballet dancers. |
| 1963-1980: The communists destroyed many | | | | 1999:Pan American Games. Cuban athlete Javier |
| churches, made schools of other, and arrested or | | | | Sotomayor Sanabria lost his gold medal in the |
| killed many church leaders who refused to follow | | | | men´s high jump after testing positive for a |
| communism. Some were sent to mental hospitals. | | | | drug of abuse. Javier Sotomayor was the best |
| 1964:Fidel Castro set up organizations for young | | | | athlete of the Cuban Revolution. |
| people between the ages of 8 and 16.The | | | | 2000: The secret police, or Direccion General de |
| communists taught children to spy on their own | | | | Inteligencia (General Intelligence Directorate), |
| families and friends and report anti-communist | | | | enforced strict loyalty to Castro´s policies on all |
| criticism they might hear. | | | | levels of live. It is also active abroad, spying on |
| 1964:After Leonid Brezhnev became secretary of the | | | | Cubans. |
| Communist Party of the USSR, Soviet financial and | | | | 2005:Cuba is one of the few countries in the world |
| military aid to Cuba´s dictatorship increased.The | | | | with a communist dictatorship, which has been led by |
| Soviet Union also sent military advisers to help the | | | | Fidel Castro since 1959. |
| dictatorship.Cuba became a Soviet colony. | | | | 2006:While serving as dictator of Cuba, Fidel Castro |
| 1965-1990:Soviet development of its Caribbean | | | | Ruz contracted cancer. Raul Castro Ruz succeeded |
| colony was extensive in areas such as culture, | | | | his brother as dictator. Previously he was the |
| railroads, olympic sports, public health, agricultural | | | | world´s longest-serving defence minister. |
| research, education and literacy. The enormous | | | | 2007-:Raul Castro continued the basically conservative |
| increase in sugar cane production is considered to be | | | | policies of his predecessor. |
| one of the most spectacular achievements of Soviet | | | | |